Prevalence of bronchial asthma in patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus A single-center observational study.
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Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is the most common noncommunicable disease in children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects primarily children two years of age and is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children worldwide. The objective of the present study was to establish the prevalence and relationship between bronchial asthma and RSV in preschool patients.
Methods: A descriptive, analytical, observational, cross-sectional, nonexperimental study was conducted at Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Hospital in Guayaquil from January 2017 to April 2019. The statistical analysis used the Chi-square test, for which the statistical significance value was <0.005, and InfoStat statistical software.
Results: There were 64 patients. The prevalence was 83% in patients diagnosed with RSV who subsequently developed asthma before six years of age. The comorbidity with the most significant presence in the population was prematurity (20%). There was a predominance of males (63%), as did the 3-year-old group (38%). Family history of asthma (21.88%). Patients were admitted with a classification of triage 2 (20.31%) or triage 1 (6.25%). Maternal age was <18 years (17.1%). The most frequent respiratory complication was unspecified acute bronchiolitis (71.8%), followed by unspecified pneumonia (65.6%). The patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (12.5%) and were hospitalized (7.8%).
Conclusions: There was a relationship between a history of respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchial asthma. The prevalence of bronchial asthma in RSV-infected patients was high, with a predominance of 3-year-old preschoolers, males, and premature infants. The most common respiratory complication was unspecified acute bronchiolitis.
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