Revista Ecuatoriana de Pediatría

Photopolymerizable resin for 3D printers, heat-curing PMMA-based resins, post-polymerization chamber, surface roughness, polishing

Karen Mireya Taimal Valencia — 2025-01-30

Surface roughness plays a crucial role in evaluating dental materials as it influences their durability. The objective of this study was to assess the surface roughness of light-curable resins for 3D printers and PMMA-based resins. Methodology: A total of 20 samples measuring 25×25×3 mm were prepared and divided into two groups: Group A (n=10), consisting of light-curable resins for 3D printers, and Group B (n=10), composed of heat-cured PMMA-based resins. Samples in Group A were designed using Meshmixer software and arranged in Photon Workshop 6.4 DLP 3D with a 0° orientation. Printing was performed using a Photon Ultra DLP printer (Anycubic, Hong Kong-China). The samples were then washed with 90% isopropyl alcohol for 5 minutes. For post-curing, a custom-designed curing chamber from the faculty project was used, applying a power of 45 watts and a wavelength of 400 to 470 nm for 16 minutes. Group B samples were created from self-curing acrylic impressions using condensation silicone keys and were placed in flasks for PMMA sample production following the manufacturer’s instructions. The sample surfaces were polished using a low-speed handpiece operating between 1500 and 2000 rpm. Data were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft-USA) and analyzed using the BioStat 5.3 statistical software (Brazil) through a Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Results: The obtained values were ≤ 0.2 μm, with no statistically significant differences between both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study highlight that both materials are entirely acceptable for use in dentistry. Further research is recommended to evaluate surface roughness in greater depth.

Sorption of photopolymerizable resins for 3D printers and thermosetting PMMA resins. In Vitro Study vascular malformations in children

Odalis Polett Paredes Silva — 2025-01-30

Objective: To evaluate the sorption in light-curing resins for 3D printers and thermocuring PMMA resins through an in vitro study. Methodology: Experimental in vitro study, with 10 heat-curing PMMA test bodies and 10 3D printed resin test bodies. Circular stainless-steel dies of 22.1 mm external diameter, 15mm internal diameter, 1mm thickness based on ISO 4049 standards were used for their fabrication. The samples were polished and stored in plastic containers with silica gel and exposed to 37ºC for 22 hours, followed by 2 hours at 23ºC. They were weighed on an analytical balance every 24 hours. The area and volume were calculated. They were immersed in 10 ml of double distilled water in test tubes at 37ºC for 7 days. After washing and drying the samples, they were weighed again (m2). Finally, the samples were placed again in containers with silica gel at 37ºC and weighed daily until a constant mass (m3) was obtained. The results were performed in the statistical program BioStat 5.3 (Brazil) using Student’s t-test (p 0.05). Results: The results of the sorption test were obtained after a process of obtaining three different masses, where it was necessary to use both an analytical balance (Boeco-Germany) and an oven (Memmert). The results were obtained in µg/mm3. In which the 3D printed resin obtained a mean value of 46.11 µg/mm3 while the PMMA resin obtained a mean value of 22.60 µg/mm3 Conclusions: In the present study, based on the exposed experimental method, it was demonstrated that when compared between groups, the PMMA resin presented a statistically lower sorption compared to the 3D printed resin.

Flexural Strength of Photopolymerizable Resins for 3D Printers and PMMA-Based Resins. An In Vitro Study

Alison Belén Mier Jiménez — 2025-01-30

Flexural strength is a key factor in the selection of provisional dental materials, as it directly influences their clinical performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of light- curable resins for 3D printers and PMMA-based resins. Methodology: Two experimental groups of 10 samples each were formed: Group A (PMMA resins) and Group B (3D printing resins). The samples in Group A were fabricated using a condensation silicone matrix and a flask, following the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples in Group B were designed using Meshmixer software and arranged in Photon Workshop 6.4 DLP 3D with a 0° orientation. Printing was performed on a DLP printer, model Photon Ultra (Anycubic, Hong Kong- China). Subsequently, the samples were washed with 90% isopropyl alcohol for 5 minutes, as per the manufacturer’s recommendations. For post-curing, a curing chamber designed in a faculty project was used, applying a power of 45 watts and a wavelength of 400 to 470 nm for 16 minutes. Finally, the three-point bending test was conducted following ISO 4049:2009 standards. The results were analyzed using the statistical software BioStat 5.3 (Brazil) with Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Results: The average flexural strength values obtained were 105.18 MPa for PMMA-based resins and 103.02 MPa for 3D printing resins, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Both materials meet the minimum requirement of 50 MPa established by ADA-ANSI No. 27, indicating that they possess adequate strength for use in provisional restorations. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the clinical viability of both materials in dentistry. Further research is recommended to evaluate flexural strength considering factors such as cementation on teeth, sample geometry, printing orientation, and post-curing protocols, as these aspects may influence the results obtained.

Early caries and white spots in children under 10 years of age: A systematic review

Carla Belén Diguay Torres — 2025-01-30

Introduction: Dental caries is a chronic, progressive, multifactorial disease that mainly affects children under 10 years of age, compromising the primary teeth. It is caused by acids produced by bacteria that metabolize fermentable carbohydrates. Caries can begin with white spots on the enamel, a reversible stage with early intervention. Objective: The purpose of this study is to highlight the relevance of caries prevention in primary dentition, identifying white spots as an early sign, through a literature review of different authors. Methodology: A preventive approach was adopted based on measures such as education of caregivers, promotion of low sugar diets, topical application of fluoride and supervision of brushing in children. Early diagnosis by clinical inspection, radiographs and advanced tools to detect early lesions were included. Results: Dental caries affects dental tissues due to bacteria present in the biofilm. Its development is influenced by factors such as poor hygiene, sugar consumption, alterations in salivary flow and anatomical characteristics of the teeth. Conclusion: Caries in primary dentition can be prevented by strategies such as adequate hygiene, dietary control and early detection.

Infantile hemangioma presented in a neonatal patient at the Dr. Roberto Gilbert E Hospital. Report of a case

Stephany Yadira Oscullo Ñacato — 2025-01-30

Introduction: Infantile hemangioma is considered the most common benign endothelial tumor in childhood with an incidence of 4-10% in children under 1 year of age. Clinical case: This is a 20-day-old newborn who presents an erythematous lesion with well-defined borders that gradually increases in size and intensity, involving the right auricular region, neck and left auricular region, classified as a deep hemangioma that presented as a complication airway obstruction, managed clinically with propranolol. Discussion: It seems in the first weeks of life, the predominant location is the head and neck, as in the case of our patient. Its approach and treatment are multidisciplinary given its size, location site and high risk of sequelae.

Holt Oram syndrome in a newborn: Case report

Jonnathan López-Llivicura — 2025-01-30

Holt Oram syndrome or atriodigital dysplasia, is caused by a rare autosomal dominant disorder given by a mutation in the long arm of chromosome 12 of the TBX5 gene, this disorder produces cardiac disorders such as interatrial and interventricular septal defects , and failures in the heart conduction system, in addition we can evidence skeletal abnormalities. The case presented is about a girl newborn who has prenatal history of diabetic mother without adherence to treatment and presents atrial and ventricular septal defect associated to overriding aorta showed by echocardiogram in addition to defects in the left upper limb and right lower limb.

EOSINOPHILIC PUSTULOUS FOLLICULITIS OF CHILDHOOD AN UNCOMMON DERMATOSIS IN PEDIATRICS!

María Fernanda Ortiz Jaramillo — 2025-01-30

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy is a sterile inflammatory dermatosis that generally affects children under 36 months of age. It is considered a self-limiting disease and typically resolves spontaneously by 3 years of age in most patients 1. Although its pathophysiological mechanism is unclear, it is thought to be caused by an antigenic stimulus that leads to a deregulation of the immune mechanisms and a localized hypersensitivity reaction, with selective chemotaxis of eosinophils 2. It is characterized by recurring papules, pruritic sterile pustules, primarily located on the scalp and may also affect the trunk and extremities.

Although its diagnosis is clinical, it can be confirmed through histopathological examination, which reveals a mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis, consisting of neutrophils with a predominance of eosinophils at the follicular and perifollicular level, which is a common characteristic associated with peripheral eosinophilia 3. Currently, antihistamines represent the first line of treatment due to their anti-eosinophilic effect, as well as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and certain NSAIDs such as indomethacin 4.

This study presents the clinical case of a 1-year-and-3-month-old infant with a dermatosis located on the scalp characterized by some erythematous papules, scabs, pustules, and whitish scales. These symptoms had been developing for 6 months, were associated with itching, and were initially treated as scabies. The relevance of this article lies in the importance of recognizing this pathology to avoid erroneous diagnoses and prescriptions.

Malformaciones linfáticas cervicofaciales con compresión de la vía aérea. Reporte de cuatro casos

Verónica Castro Palaguachi — 2025-01-30

Lymphangiomas are rare, benign congenital lesions resulting from abnormal development of the lymphatic system. The literature reports an incidence of 1 in every 2000 to 4000 live births. Despite being benign, they can present with serious complications such as airway obstruction, stridor, apnea, cyanosis, and progressive dyspnea. The treatment approach remains controversial, with options mentioned in case series reviews including surgery, sclerotherapy, immunosuppressants, or a combination of these. This case report discusses four patients: two neonates and two school-aged children, who experienced extrinsic airway compression. These patients were treated with intralesional sclerotherapy using bleomycin, and in two cases, this was combined with surgery. Given the extensive nature of the lesions, the rarity of life-threatening complications, and the combined treatment modalities, this report of these four patients is considered significant.

Key words: Lymphangiomas – sclerotherapy – bleomycin